Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes ﻿   What are Prokaryotes? Prokaryotes ﻿are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are the simpliest living cell that does not contain a nucleus and comes from the //Greek// word pro - "before" + karyon - "nut or kernel", This is reffering that prokaryotes elvolved before the nuclei. It has been said that prokaryotes have been around billions years ago and were the only living things on earth. Prokaryotes is divided into two domains which are : ﻿Bacteria ﻿ and ﻿Archea ﻿.

Bacteria:
Majority of living things have prokaryotes in them, but did you know prokaryotes and bacteria aresimilar because they are both simple cells. There are way more bacteria on this earth than anyother living thing.There is about 5 million trillion, trillion bacteria on earth! Millions of bacteria fill in humans and animals guts and cover the suface of the plants root, they are also found in the deepest parts of the ocean and in the atmosphere up to 40 miles. Bacteria can withstand harsh conditioning, even extreme heat, cold and saline. = ﻿ Archaea:  = Archaea is very simillar to bacteria because both have almost  the ame shape and size but a couple of archaea have   very distinct shapes. Archaea contains genes and several  shapes which is more closely similar to the eukaryotes. Archaea reproduces asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding but bacteria doesn't.

= Eukaroyotes Vs. Prokaryotes  = material is separated from the rest of the cell || Dealing with living things || Has genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus. || organism others form large multi-cellular organisms || Contian genetice material || Carryout every activity associated with living things || = Structure: = Prokaryotes contain internal membranes such as vacuoles. Some species also contain protein-enclosed microcompartments, which have distinct physiological roles Includes structures such as: Flagellum Cell Membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes Prokaryotic cells have various shapes
 * **Eukaryotes** || **Both** || **Prokaryotes** ||
 * Larger more complex || internal membrane || small and simpler ||
 * Contain a nucleus in which their genetic
 * Some live in single-celled
 * contain many structures || cytoplasm || came first ||
 * || reproduce || single celled ||

The four most basic shapes are: Cocci – spherical Bacilli - rod shaped Spirochaete - spiral shaped Vibrio - comma shaped

= Reproduction: = Binary fission is the most common method in which prokaryotes reproduce. Plasmid (circular chromosome) present in the cytoplasm amd contains a single DNA molecule that is replicated first. During the process both original and is replicated chromosomes separate. Then afterwad, the chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane with two other chromosomes towards the opposite ends of the cell. Plasma membrane grows inward in the middle untill closing which that shows the plasma membrane separating by the two compartments. The process of cytokinesis (cell splitting) results in the formation of two geneticallyidentical copies. Fission takes place at the center of the cell resulting in two new daughter cells.

= Enviroment:﻿ = ==== ﻿ ﻿ Prokaryotes live in mostly all enviroments on Earth where there is some source of water.Some archea and bacteria live in harsh conditions, such as high temperatures or high salinity. Most known archea grow mainly as plankton in the ocean. Symbiotic prokaryotes live in or on the bodies of other organisms, including humans.==== =Fun Fact: = Did you know that there might be evidence on mars of fossil or living prokaryotic cells. .